Executive function is the set of mental skills that help us plan, organise, start and finish tasks, shift between activities, and manage time and attention. These skills also include working memory, emotional regulation, and the ability to prioritise or make decisions.
Autistic and ADHD people often experience executive function differences, meaning that everyday tasks — such as getting started on something, remembering steps in order, or switching between tasks — can take more energy or feel inconsistent from day to day. This isn’t about laziness or lack of motivation; it reflects genuine differences in how the brain processes information and manages transitions.
Supportive environments, clear structures, and flexible expectations can make a big difference, helping people use their strengths and reduce the strain that executive function challenges can bring.